![]() Because Redshift decoupling of storage & compute is limited compared to other cloud data warehouses, it doesn’t support isolating workloads, which means performance can degrade under pressure and competition for resources. There is no support for indexes, and low-latency analytics at large data volumes is hard to achieve. Sort keys can be used to optimize performance, but their contribution is limited. But it does not deliver much faster compute performance than other cloud data warehouses in benchmarks. Redshift does provide a result cache for accelerating repetitive query workloads and also has more tuning options than some others. Snowflake’s recently released “Search optimization service” delivers index-like behavior for point queries, but comes at an additional cost. ![]() The ability to isolate workloads over the decoupled storage & compute architecture lets you avoid competition for resources compared to multi-tenant shared resource solutions, and the ability to increase warehouse sizes can often enhance performance (for a higher price), but not always linearly. Its micro partition storage approach effectively scans less data compared to larger partitions. Snowflake typically comes on top for most queries when it comes to performance in public TPC-based benchmarks when compared to BigQuery and Redshift, but only marginally. Thus, 8 RPU is equivalent to 16 vCPU / 128GB RAM. Redshift offers a serverless option which is based on an abstracted unit called Redshift Processing Unit (RPU) ranging from 8 to 512 in increments of 8. Redshift runs as an isolated tenant per customer, and unlike other cloud data warehouses, it is deployed in your VPC. You cannot separate and isolate different workloads over the same data, which puts it behind other decoupled storage/compute architectures. While it now has RA3 nodes which allow you to scale compute and only cache the data you need locally, all compute still operates together. Its architecture wasn’t designed to separate storage & compute. ![]() Redshift has the oldest architecture, being the first Cloud DW in the group. Snowflake has recently added support for Snowflake managed Iceberg tables. Its virtual warehouses can be T-shirt sized along an XS/S/M…/4XL axis, where each discrete T-shirt size is bundled with fixed HW properties that are abstracted from the users. “Virtual Private Snowflake” (VPS) is its highest-priced tier, and can run a dedicated isolated version of Snowflake. It is multi-tenant over shared resources in nature and requires you to move data out of your VPC and into the Snowflake cloud. ![]() Snowflake was one of the first decoupled storage and compute architectures, making it the first to have nearly unlimited compute scale and workload isolation, and horizontal user scalability. ![]()
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